Ms. Orapan Nabangchang, Professor, Sukhothai Thammatirat Open University, Thailand

Mr. Lusugga Kironde, Professor, Ardhi University, Tanzania

Mr. Victor Endo, Independent Consultant, Peru

Mr. Mika-Petteri Torhonen, Land Tenure Officer, FAO

Mr. Klaus Deininger, Lead Economist, The World Bank

1 Issues in the field of governance/corruption in land and natural resource tenure through three regional  and country case studies (South East Asia, Tanzania and Peru) and experiences gained in international organisations.

2 Linkages between land and natural resources and food security.

3 Impact of corruption in land and natural resources to the development, food security, social stability and poverty reduction.

4 Strategies, policy support and best practises in addressing governance in land and natural in a country level.

5 Global partnerships and initiatives for improving governance of land and natural resources.

Annotated list of issues of addressing governance/corruption in land and natural resource tenure:

• Growing pressures on land and natural resources (growing population, new uses of land like production of bioenergy, climate change)
• Insecure property rights.
• Poor mechanisms to solve land disputes.
• Skewed incentive structures to manage natural resources and provide government services.
• Abuse of state sovereignty over local resource rights.
• Weak enforcement of laws and regulations.
• Lack of implementation of stipulated communal rights over resources.
• Poor management of state and public assets and properties.
• Lack of access by poor to legal protection and to government services.
• Asymmetry of power; commercial large scale interests vs. smallholder livelihoods.
• Uncontrolled urbanisation and rural development.
• Monopolisation and abuse of information on land and natural recourse rights.
• Weak institutions and unclear mandates in land administration and management.
• Low percentage of registered/recorded rights of over land and natural resources.

Annotated list of impact of corruption in land and natural resource tenure:

• Skewed development.
• Marginalisation of the poor.
• Increasing land disputes.
• Displaced populations, evictions and violence.
• Uncontrolled urbanisation.
• Increase of informal settlements.
• Over and under exploitation of forests and other natural resources.
• Environmental degradation.
• Diminishing agricultural areas, worsening food security.
• Degradation and looting of state and public assets.
• Lost revenues.

Annotated list of key approaches in addressing governance in land and natural resource tenure:

• Unified international community (UN system, development banks, bilateral donors, civil society) to address and mainstream the efforts to combat corruption in land and natural resources.
• International code of conduct in land and natural resource tenure.
• International performance indicators and monitoring of land and natural resource governance.
• Development of policy, legal and institutional frameworks to guide land and natural resources management and utilisation.
• Development of state and public land policies, legal and institutional frameworks.
• Legal recognition (and implementation) of continuum of land and natural resource rights.
• Support to civic engagement and whistle blowing and protection in local levels.
• Community participation and social control in access allocation and natural resource utilisation.
• Engagement of national anti-corruption and human rights committees on land and natural resource issues.
• Improving transparency and access to information on land and natural resources rights and their utilisation.
• Strengthening of efficiency, incentive structures and service orientation of land and natural resources administration/management institutions.
• Highlighting the severity of land and natural resource corruption to policy makers and actors in other related fields.
• Legal empowerment of poor and vulnerable.

Strategic advice for the international community for further work against the corruption in land and natural resource tenure and management.

Disseminated awareness of the governance and corruption issues in the fields of land and natural resource tenure.

Development of international policy norms and technical guidance for work improving the governance of land and natural resource tenure.

Awareness raising and capacity building of policy makers, civil society and private and public sector professions in good governance of land and natural recourse tenure.

Inclusion of land questions to the Transparency International’s global surveys.